Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Innocence of Holden -- Catcher Rye Essay

The Innocence of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye In J. D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, spends several days wandering around New York. During this time, he learns many things about himself. He seems to have some sort of mental problem, but this problem fortunately begins to be less serious by the end of the story. But more interesting that the things he knows about himself are the things he does not know about himself. Holden is constantly holding children on a pedestal and dismissing adults as "phonies." Holden, though he does not know it, subconsciously protects the innocence of childhood within his mind. In the book, Holden constantly reminisces about Jane Gallagher, a friend of his that he met a few summers ago in Maine. The day that Holden leaves Pencey, Stradlater tells him that he is going on a date with Jane. Upon hearing this, Holden says to Stradlater: "...I used to play checkers with her all the time." "You used to play what with her all the time?" "Checkers." "Checkers, for Chrissake!" "Yeah. She wouldn't move any of her kings. What she'd do, when she'd get a king, she wouldn't move it. She'd just leave it in the back row. She'd get them all lined up in the back row. Then she'd never use them. She just liked the way the looked when they were all in the back row." (31-32) Holden later becomes jealous of Stradlater when he suspects that he had sex with Jane. As Holden later wanders around New York, many times he has an impulse to call Jane but does not. He never gives a reason, but subconsciously, he realizes that if he calls Jane, he will have to face a new person, who may have lost the innocence of a girl who plays ch... ... in his life to stay the same, for this keeps things simpler. Holden's need for simplicity also translates into a need for wide-eyed, childlike innocence. This worldview is simpler than the cynical, materialistic, experienced worldview of the adults Holden knows. This is why Holden prefers for people to stay innocent, and why he subconsciously protects that innocence. Holden views the world of adults as a harsh, unforgiving place. He realizes that he has been forced into this world against his will and this has hurt him. Subconsciously, he strives to keep children out of this world for as long as possible, and serves as a protector of innocence within his own mind. While he does not protect this innocence in the external world, within his mind he longs to keep children from reaching adulthood and to preserve the naïveté of childhood for them.

Three Gorges Dam: Its Background and Relevance

This report examines the Three Gorge dam project and its impacts on the environment, the people it will effect and measures that can be taken as an alternative to the dam. I will discuss the Chinese government's reasoning for constructing the dam and the negative aspects of such a construction. Then I will explain the more environmentally friendly and logical alternatives. The concept of the Three Gorge dam is over 75 years old, dating back to when it was first proposed by the nationalist leader Sun Yat-Sen, in 1919. The dam was a dream of communist leader Mao Zedong, who felt it would be a potent symbol of China's self-sufficiency and ability to develop without western aid. The state media has reported only the rosy side of the Three Gorges project, presenting it as a powerful symbol of a new, prosperous China. Outgoing Premier Li Peng said the Three Gorges Dam would †demonstrate to the world that the Chinese people have the ability to build the biggest and most beneficial irrigation and hydro-electric project in the world†. The Three Gorges refers to a 120-mile stretch of limestone cliffs along the upper reaches of the Yangzi River where the water drops precipitously through the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges. The region is linked to folklore and important historical events, and its beauty has inspired Chinese painters and classical poets such as Li Bai for centuries. The dam, which will be 1. 3 miles long and 610 feet high, is expected to be completed by 2009. It will create a 385 mile-long reservoir stretching back up the river that will totally engulf the Three Gorges, as well as 115,000 acres of rich farmland, thirteen cities, hundreds of villages, and countless historic temples and archaeological sites. Between 1. 4 and 1. 9 million people will need to be resettled. The proponents of the dam claim that the introduction of such a large amount of clean hydroelectric power into China's rapidly expanding economy will mean a significant reduction in the emission of fossil fuel pollution. First, it will generate 18000 megawatts of electricity, which would reduce the country's reliance on coal by one tenth. Hence reducing China's overall greenhouse gases. Second, it will prevent the periodical flooding of the Yangzi, which has already claimed the lives of half a million this century alone. The dam is expected to cut incidents of serious flood from once in 10 years to once in 100 years. At present 15 million lives are at stake as the river rises higher above the surrounding land because of sediment deposits on the riverbed, while dikes can no longer be raised safely. Third, it will make the upper part of the Yangzi more navigable, â€Å"raising the river's navigable tonnage by a big margin†. Improved navigability would allow ocean-going freighters to penetrate the depths of China's remote Southwest, bringing much needed economic development and prosperity to the region. The project is also expected to develop reservoir fisheries, stimulate tourism in and around the reservoir, improve water quality downstream, protect the lake areas downstream, and enable south-to-north water transfer sometime in the next century. 4. 0 Dilemmas surrounding dam construction There are many problems entangled with the construction of such a dam, two of which stand out. First, the fact that so many civilians have to be moved against their will. 13 cities, 140 towns, more than 1600 villages, and 300 factories will be submerged, and nearly 1. 5 million people relocated. Second, the effects that the rise in level of river will have on the environment. This includes the destruction of habitats for at least four indigenous species in the area. According to official figures, 10. 2 million people have been relocated for the construction of dams in the past in China. In each case, there have been economic or political problems that has often led to intimidation and sometimes violence to force the people to resettle. This is due to people's reluctance to leave their homes, which can be attributed to poor planning on the government's part. The number of people to be resettled in the Three Gorges dam project has been estimated to range between 700,000 to 1. 98 million. Such variation in figures is due to the fact that it depends on whether the information was gathered by the dam's supporters or critics. There has been a large amount of local opposition to the dam. Their opposition is mainly based on the poor record of China's Ministry of Water Resources, which includes the collapse of 62 dams in the past due to poor design. However, since the Chinese government never acknowledged such disasters in the past, it could not be brought up in hearings on the Three Gorge project. People in the effected area who have in the past organised against the dam were arrested and sentenced to prison for â€Å"counter-revolution† and the police presence in the area has since been increased. The local officials are not quite helping ease the situation. The distribution of compensation money by local authorities (US$1300 per person) offered to people displaced by the dam has been tainted by corruption. 105 local party officials involved in the project have been arrested already. Almost half of the project's resettlers are farmers. But since there is an inadequate amount of farmland left to be shared, the officials have planned for moving the resettlers into industrial jobs. This is quite an impossible task considering that the farmers have been farming in their area for generations and have absolutely no expertise in industrial work. It is a great concern that the construction of the dam will result in the destruction of the natural habitats of many of China's indigenous wildlife species. This includes the Chinese alligator, the white crane, the river dolphin and the prehistoric Chinese sturgeon, a fish unique to Yangzi waters. Experts warn that, by forever changing the hydrology of the river for thousands of miles, the dam will destroy commercial fish stocks and deprive the complex floodplain agricultural systems of the water and silt they need. Hence threatening the livelihoods of 75 million people who live on fishing or farming along the Yangzi's bank. Even if the 75 million people find another source to live on, there is yet another problem to be solved; toxic pollution. The factories along the Yangzi river are so polluting that over 200 paper mills and tanneries have already been closed down around the Three Gorges dam site to boost environmental protection. The contamination of the river by the toxic chemicals may increase due to the 1600 factories in the area that are not cleaned up and moved before the waters begin to rise. China is the world's second leading producer of greenhouse gases. If China's current growth rates continue, it will need to develop an additional 17,000 megawatts of energy per year for the next decade. And if coal is used to generate this energy, the environmental impacts could be disastrous. Whether or not the dam is constructed, hydropower will only account for no more than 20% of China's electricity generated by year 2010. This shows that coal will be used even more widely than it is now, to meet energy needs. Hence the dam will not have much impact on helping meet energy needs. China needs to find a cleaner, more efficient way of creating power. The Three Gorge reservoir is currently designed to hold 20 billion cubic meters at the flood level. But this capacity is only equivalent to 4% of the total run off water in the region. â€Å"It is obvious from common sense that this capacity could not hold back flood waters enough to reduce significantly the flood risk at the lower reaches. † Another problem is the fact that the Yangzi carries a large amount of silt. This silt can be carried all the way to the dam and a big ‘mud pond' could result. There is no such technology available to divert or collect the silt at the dam. From an ecological point of view, the dam will be clogged by the large silt deposits, in the Yangzi, and will also trap much of the pollutants that normally would be washed out to the ocean. Along the Yangzi, about 80 percent of the cities do not have sewage systems, and it is cheaper to dump the waste in the river instead of a sewage treatment plant. Burial grounds in both Wushan and Fengjie counties, Sichuan are known to have been dynamited to make way for scientific excavations in advance of the dam project. One thousand tombs dating between the Han and Ming periods (206 BC to AD 1644) were also blasted away. The problem lies with lack of funding. The initial budget (US$250 million) for excavation and preservation was reduced to US$37. 5 million. Only a small amount of this sum has been distributed to local authorities because government officials have been unable to decide which agency should administer the funds. The Three Gorges dam will be the most expensive single construction project in history. The Chinese leaders are so determined to build the dam, that they haven't considered whether it is economically viable. In 1992 the official cost of the dam was set to US$11 billion. Estimates now exceed US$75 billion. This could slow down China's recent economic boom. The dam project is heavily funded by foreign export agencies. If people in foreign countries were to stop foreign investors and government organisations which support the project, the Chinese officials would have no choice but to reconsider their plans. But since it is not in the foreign investors' best interest monetarily, they have kept supporting the Chinese government. Hydrological experts have argued that effective flood management includes dyking, flood proofing, flood warning systems, diversion areas, and development restrictions in floodplain and designated diversion areas and that dams are not always the answer. The Chinese officials' mentality is that the â€Å"biggest structure† is the best structure, but what they must realize is that it does not mean the best structure. That Chinese hydropower could be produced on a number of tributaries that flow into the Yangzi. This procedure has been proven by scientific examples that prove that separate dams will produce more power and last longer then one main dam. Sedimentation of separate dams would be less and these dams would be able to preserve China's cultural history. The greater amount of smaller dams would cause less soil erosion and more power for a much lower cost. It would be able to compete with China's booming industrial sectors and preserve the aquatic life. The construction of these smaller dams could also mean that it would lesson the amount of people to be resettled, and would save the Chinese government billions of dollars. However, the smaller dams would not allow large transportation of cargo down the river. Based on a recent study by United States and Chinese energy research institutes, which compared conventional sources with advanced generating technologies, cleaner alternatives, such as smaller gas turbines or cogeneration plants were found to be more economical for power generation than big hydro dams. Combined cycle gas turbines could provide power with lower capital costs and greater reliability than the Three Gorges dam and with far fewer emissions than conventional coal plants. Combined cycle plants are commonly fuelled with natural gas, which burns more thoroughly than solid or liquid fuels. And unlike coal, it contains no heavy metals or sulfur emissions that cause acid rain. Combined cycle plants can be installed and generating power reliably within nine months to two or three years for larger units. Three Gorges dam is scheduled to take 17 years. In addition energy specialists argue, that switching from coal to gas, and using new technology of combined cycle gas turbines or cogeneration, would create greater environmental benefits than the Three Gorges dam by a 60% reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Whereas the Three Gorges dam would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by only 5%.

Human Resources Manual - 1520 Words

Felwick Gifts Human Resources Manual Brian Chadwick Rasmussen College Introduction to Human Resource Management Jason Meldrum 12/16/2008 Table of Contents About Us 3 Sexual Harassment 4 Job Training 5 Pay Wages and Compensation 7 Privacy Concerns 9 About Us Welcome to Felwick Gifts, we began operations in a quaint, small town of Hastings, Minnesota during 2006. Felwick Gifts was created by Brian Chadwick, Jennifer Ostergren-Chadwick and Tom Felix. We offer figurines, DVD’s, fountains, tools, knick-knacks and collectables such as swords, dolls, collector plates and many more. Recycling is an important part of our organization and there are many recycling bins around the stores and office. We have 2 people in the†¦show more content†¦Feedback is continuous, as we will acknowledge any positives and negatives. At the end of your training, we hand you an evaluation of our training to you. We ask for your feedback so we can improve our training. Some questions asked are: Was the training knowledge received easy to understand? What did you learn? Do you have any comments toward the training? We take in all evaluations and make a better training method that is aimed at making it easy to learn. Pay Wages and Compensation Here at Felwick Gifts, we care about your wellbeing whether it is your health, financial or mental. That is why we have an in depth compensation plan for every employee, assistant manager and manager. All employees receive health insurance that starts with a $500 deductable including vision and dental, paid vacation, 401(k) savings plan, child and elder care referral service, discount on our merchandise. Felwick Gifts are open on all holidays except, 4th of July, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Health insurance and 401(k) savings plan is taken out of your paycheck before taxes. Premiums vary with each health plan. We match your contributions to your 401(k). There is some difference in benefits and compensation plan that vary between salespersons and management along with pay. Vacation pay starts after one year of service. The longer you stay with Felwick Gifts the more vacation pay you receive; after 2-4 years of service vacation is a week pay,Show MoreRelatedHuman Resource Manual of Atlas Honda Ltd, Pakistan6485 Words   |  26 PagesHUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE HAND BOOK Atlas Honda Limited Karachi Plant F-36 Estate Avenue, S.I.T.E, Karachi Tel : (021) 2575561-5 UAN: 111-111-245 Fax : (021) 2563758 Sheikhupura Plant 26-27 Km, Lahore Sheikhupura Road, Sheikhupura,Lahore Tel : (0563) 406501-5 UAN: (0563) 111-111-245 Fax : (0563) 406009 INTRODUCTION Atlas Honda Limited (AHL) is a constituent member of Atlas Group. AHL has its registered office at 1-Mcleod Road, Lahore. AHL has two plants at Karachi and Sheikhupura. 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Another factor appears the rapid expansion of the company. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alternatives With more than one problem a major focus on a number of different Solutions, such as, Prior planning by CarlRead MoreEssay about Fast Track Courier729 Words   |  3 Pagesworkforce. Strategic goals are supported by the following operational and human resources goals. Operational plan goals * Testing of the distribution management system is to cease and allow implementation within the first quarter of the 2012 financial year. * The truck fleet will need to be expanded by 8 trucks within the 2012 financial year. * Human resources goals: To incorporate a Human Resources function to facilitate the changes in workforce management in theRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing: Information System Proposal1140 Words   |  5 Pagesthe human resource system from John Korzeniowski was received on May 14, 2008. The IT team will examine the current information system and the possible design and development of an integrated, robust application in accordance with Riordans vision, mission, time-frame and strategic growth plan. AnalysisIn order to design and development an integrated state-of-the art human resources information system, the initial step is to define Riordans business needs and its current technical resources. RiordansRead MoreRai Hr Assessment1282 Words   |  6 PagesRecording, Analysing and Using Human Resources Information Activity 1 There are a number of reasons why we, as an HR team, collect different types of data. One of them is: meeting legal requirements. In order to satisfy legal obligations we collect such information as contract arrangements, employees’ duties, payments, working hours, holiday entitlements, bonuses, as well as documents relating to health and safety. It is important for the organization to timely provide accurate and validRead MoreCase Study - New Hire Mismanagement Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagescase study will include various detailed causes as well as; different solutions to strengthen the recruiting department and prevent any further weaknesses. Background In early April, Carl Robins, was new to the human resources department of ABC, Inc. â€Å"The Corporate Human Resources Recruiter will play a critical role in ensuring we are hiring the best possible talent† (Nourse, 2013). Mr. Robbins had taken on the needed task of hiring 15 individuals, which would work for the Operations SupervisorRead MoreHuman Resourse Management Essay example1207 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Human Resource Management (HRM)? Its a strategic and compre- hensive management area that involves establishing policies, practices, and admi- nistrative structures that focus on an organizations most valuable resource Ââ€" its people. 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Strategic Marketing Management Marketing Strategy Essay

Introduction Strategic marketing management is the vital principle of successful marketing in this global environment and market. Strategic marketing is the marketing strategy which combines all the marketing and advertising goals into the comprehensive marketing plan. It is stated that a good marketing strategy should be come from the research on the national and international market and on the product mix. This strategy can be made for maximizing the organization profit and to sustain the business in the competitive business environment. The strategic marketing management is the analytical way of learning that how to different type of strategies related to the customers and solutions of packages to fulfill the needs of customers. It seems very easier to reach the target customer of the company but most of the people related with marketing management field have less ability to create such compatible products which give meaningful results to the targeted customer in near future also. The recent competitive business environment requires developing a more profitable marketing plan and this plan must hit the ground reality as well. Many researchers stated that it is the core principle of the successful marketing. In marketing management plan the marketer must see the market with new eyes. Marketer should have ability to identify the true values of the each and every customer and the organization benefits in the complex increasing market. Marketer should have also study theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management : Analysis Strategy, Implementation, And Control Of Marketing Activities1128 Words   |  5 Pages-Define Strategic Marketing Management and identify some current issues in strategic marketing management that might be faced by an organisation. â€Å"Strategic Marketing Management: The analysis strategy, implementation, and control of marketing activities in order to achieve organisation s objectives,† (Jack in the box, 2014). 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Explain marketing’s role in strategic planning and how marketing works with its partners to create and deliver customer value 4. Describe the elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and mix, and the forces that influence it 5. List the marketing management functions, including the elements of a marketing plan, and discuss the importance ofRead More Marketing Strategy Implementation in Higher Education854 Words   |  4 Pagesreview addressed the strategic implementation of marketing initiatives within international higher education entities (Naidoo Woo, 2011). This article was of particular interest to me due to its specific focus on marketing within higher education entities (HEI’s). The authors focused their research on 10 universities which recruit international students; specifically, on 570 questionnaires from mid-level marketing managers responsible for strategic implementation of marketing initiatives. 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The Art of Competition for College Students - 530 Words

During our daily routine, we see many different individuals. We can only wonder where they come from, who they are, and what they are doing here. Unfortunately, people tend to forget who are around them because our eyes are solely glued onto a small screen or too distracted by the sounds of music pulsating through their ears. People nowadays are fixated on discovering what their purpose is. By being a college student, you are entitled to just studying and doing well in school because we all want a great job later on. The pressure of competition comes into play and how it is so difficult to pursue a career knowing that another individual can have it. The requirements that are expected from people develop into more self-seeking individuals. Competition for having a career becomes very stressful and exhausting. Long hours of studying, restless nights are all attributes of what a college student goes through. With California alone, there is an unemployment rate of 8.9% as of August 2013. Fear just forms within a student’s mind when they think about what their future may consist of. Questions run through their mind of whether or not they will ever be in that unemployment rate or will a career lead them to never landing in that percentage. People are like â€Å"ants carrying the leaves or stuff found along the way towards their central home.† (Anderson and Figueroa) Ants have a direct purpose. Students are very similar where they are buying books to study or carrying that notebookShow MoreRelatedAcademic Achievements : The American College Testing Exam1183 Words   |  5 Pages ACHIEVEMENTS Academic Achievements As a student, I strive hard to learn as much as I can and put my knowledge to good use. Since 1st Quarter of my 6th grade year, I have maintained a straight-A average. As of the second semester of my 10th grade, my current weighted GPA is approximately 4.2407, while my unweighted GPA is 4.0. 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I started my first year of college off to an excellent start. I finished my freshman year with outstanding grades in which I was offered into the honors program and academic letter form the dean. My sophomore year has also been worthwhile since I received a 4.0 grade point average for the fall semesterRead MoreBecoming A Physician s Assistant One Day1474 Words   |  6 Pagesan idea to magically appear about how to begin this essay, all of the sudden the light bulb in my head tu rned on. I am just a nineteen year old woman, fresh out of highschool compared to other students in this college, but knee deep in my first semester. I am a biology major, attending a liberal arts college, with the intent of becoming a Physician’s Assistant one day. The question of, â€Å"how on Earth am I supposed to sway the minds of people who are far more knowledgeable and intellectual than I am

Nothing More Than Human free essay sample

Thump! The sound of first shovelful of dirt landing on the coffin abruptly jolts me out of the thoughts. I had been so successful in blocking out the wails of the other mourners and the terrible drone of the priest that it came as a surprise when I was yanked out of the safe haven of my mind. The sounds of sorrow surround me, but having cried for hours upon hours and days upon days, I feel no inclination to let my own tears out. Lethargically, I look around only to meet my mother’s gaze. I quickly pull away, unwilling to bear the pain of seeing the agony reflected in her eyes, far stronger than mine could ever be. After all the woman in that coffin is her mother, not mine. My father is not here. He is in the hospital with an IV keeping him company. He is still recovering from the car accident which took one of my beloved grandmother’s lives and almost succeeded in taking the other’s life as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing More Than Human or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other is still in her hospital bed, lost in hazy fog of drugs and brain injuries. My father is suffering from nothing more than a shattered arm. I hate him for it. Until I remember his shattered heart. The guilt etched upon his haggard face. Then my anger flees and heartache sets in. The thumps of earth continue. Echoing unnaturally in the stillness that is occasionally punctuated by a soft whimper or a strangled sob. My mind trudges slowly through my memories of my grandmother as if unwilling to let me once again subject it to this torture of dredging up these now-distressing remembrances. My mind wanders. What were her last words? Nobody knows but the wind knows. They were lost among the screams and sirens. What were my last words to her? I cannot remember. It had been days since we last spoke. My brother’s desperate grip fills me with anguish. I almost cry out from the agony but bite my lip to suffocate my scream. A protest rises to my lips but I choke on the words and mercilessly forced them down my throat, aborting them before they could ever be born. Through the haze of sharp pain, a clear thought emerges. My brother and I are never more in tune than we are in silence. His eyes express what his lips cannot and my trembling hand betrays more than my tears ever could. Then the thumps stop. So does my counting. It took 361 shovelfuls of earth to bury my grandmother and I remember each one. One by one, they became nails that were driven into my heart. It took 361 loads of packed dirt to make her hallowed home in this ground which will hold her forevermore. I recall every shovelful, every moment. Now it is finished. My brother’s grip tightens further and my breath hitches, but whether it is from the pain of it or the pain of seeing my grandmother packed away in a box and blacked with dirt, I am not sure. A little of both, I think. I can sense my brother’s impending breakdown and knowing he does not wish to have witnesses to his tears, I lead him away. We half-stumble, half-wobble towards a nearby car, far enough to be unseen and close enough to see. The moment we are behind it, he slumps against the side and slides down till he hits the floor. I kneel next to him, ignoring the rough gravel biting into my bare knees and the stinging pinpricks of glass that embed themselves into my defenseless legs and stretch out my hand. When I lay it gently upon his shoulder, it seems to trigger his outburst as he begins to weeps and bury in face into his callused hands. â€Å"Boys don’t cry.† he half-wails, half-weeps. Biting my lip, I futilely try to contain my own tears as they t hreaten to escape and tilt my brother’s face up to gaze into his eyes. â€Å"No,† I whisper, â€Å"but men do.†

Understanding Alzheimers Disease among Older Population

Introduction The target population is the older generation. This is because scientific studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing the disease is positively correlated with age. The disease is highly prevalent among the older generation and has a great impact on quality of life that individual life and it further places so many demands on the healthcare system due to care involved in managing the patients.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease among Older Population specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Population Demographics It is estimated that about 3% of men and women aged between 65 years and 74 years have Alzheimer’s disease and over 50% of the population over the age of 85 have the disease. At least one person out of ten people over 65 years has Alzheimer according to ADEAR. It is pertinent to note that having Alzheimer’s disease in old age is not part of the normal process of aging (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 3). This is just the commonest dementia among older people. Currently, the disease affects 5.3 million people of older population and slightly over 50% of them are receive their care from home while the rest are in different healthcare facilities across the country. Most of the Alzheimer’s patients are ages 65 years and above, though some patients can develop the disease early as in their 30’s (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 3). After the 65 years, it has been found that the probability of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles after every 5 years and as a result, by the age of 85 years, the risk of acquiring the diseases is about 50%. According to Alzheimer’s disease, the prevalence of the disease is expected to rise to between 12 and 16 million cases by 2050 in America (Sloane et al, 2002, p. 213). General Impact of Changing Demographics on Health Market With the number of ol der population having a steady rise because of improved healthcare system, many American get live up to the life expectancy of 70 years (Hebert et al, 1995, 1356). This has made AD to become number six on the leading causes of deaths in America today. It’s expected that this trend with reach 1 million new cases of the disease per year by 2050. The healthcare expenses are expected to increase considerably (three-fold) per person, for AD sufferers as well all patients of other dementias compared to other older people without this health condition (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 4). The Medicaid payment has risen to nine times higher in 2050. The out-of-pocket expenses have increased to 28% higher for the AD patient population that benefits from Medicare than those without the disease. Those patients who received health care from home record the highest expenses of up to an average of $16,689 per year.Advertising Looking for research paper on aging? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These numbers underscore the potential increase in the US medical burden care burden. There is likely to be a knock-on impact with cost related to management of the disease especially the cost of drugs and hospital care services. These projections may draw federal government involvement, resulting into an initiative for AD that would address provision of extra care for the patients (Brookmeyer et al, 1998, p. 1339). The numbers also indicate that the AD drug will increase in the market to cater for the growing numbers. So far, this sector has had high-value treatments that have the pursuit of pharmaceutical companies. The prediction of increase cases and cost includes drugs costs hence an opportunities for drug manufacturing firms (Brookmeyer et al, 1998, p. 1339). By 2009, the AD drug market had reached $5 billion. Key challenges The main challenge is the cost of care. In most cases AD can last for longs as it’s a chronic condition. Medicare does not pay for these longer healthcare services. It is only for the short-term cases that the Medicare advantage pays for the stay in a health facility (Brookmeyer et al, 1998, p. 1339). Medicare pays only for the first 20 days of stay and when the patient stays for more than these 20 days, the patient has to co-pays the balance of the days. The second challenge is the prescription medication costs. Medicare usually pays for all the medications that are administered when the patient is admitted in the hospital of any health facility even when they are not AD patient. Medications that are given in the doctor’s office are also covered by the part B provision of Medicare (Sloane et al, 2002, p. 213). However prescription drugs taken at home are a great challenge. The part D of Medicare provision only covers specific drugs prescribed for AD but still, that would depend on formulary – list of the covered drugs. Market Needs for AD The current medications are very costly and this has lead to poor adherences to medication as the patients or their families cannot afford these drugs. Medicare only pays for the drugs given in hospitals and a certain number of drugs for home prescription. This means that pharmaceutical have to develop cheaper alternatives to supplements the current drugs in the market (Brookmeyer et al, 1998, p. 1342). Alternatively the government should step in and subsidized AD drugs to make them affordable. Moreover, the soaring numbers makes these drugs highly on demand hence the cost increased due to demand dynamics (Hebert et al, 2003, P. 1121).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease among Older Population specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The healthcare setting is very expensive while the current system is only appropriate for handling acute cases; this makes chronic care a challenge. It se ems to disregard that the needs of AD patients require chronic care services, quality service, cost-effective and provide social support (Hebert et al, 2003, P. 1121). AD patients can be best cared for at home, however, the current programs do not provide adequate funding for ensuring there is safety and proper welfare of AD patients is socially support setting (Brookmeyer et al, 1998, p. 1342). Furthermore, there are very limited alternatives to offer AD patient the psychological and social stimulation needed for symptoms management and slowing disease progression. Chronic Wellness Program Considering that AD is a chronic and degenerative medical condition, a chronic wellness program would be very appropriate for handling the disease (Sloane et al, 2002, p. 211). This will allow access to educational support, and care providers will be able to learn best practice, identify products and services to enhance in-home care and allow patient to be serviced by professional care givers who are well conversant with the disease challenges (Hebert et al, 2003, p. 1122). Individual and Community Support With the escalating cases of the diseases are portrayed by the demographics, Medicare alone cannot be able to deal within the needs of these patients. Besides, over 70% of the AD patients depend on their families for daily care and the condition has extraordinary financial and emotional burden on the care providers (Meagher et al, 2009, p. 86). This therefore means that all the stakeholders must get involved, from individual patient to the society at large. This is a holistic approach to handle the problem and requires collective effort. The combined effort would therefore include identification of mutual interests, development of new relationships and forming partnership to pursue these interests (Meagher et al, 2009, p. 86). This will form a network where individuals help in expansion of the objective and the impact of the collective responsibilities for the diseases. T he goal should not be anything leas that finding the best cure and management strategy and making it accessible to all those in need of it (Meagher et al, 2009, p. 89). Reference List Administration On Aging, (2003). Statistics On The Aging Population. Rockville, MD: US Department Of Health And Human Services; U.S. Bureau Of The Census Brookmeyer, R., Gray, S., Kawas, S. (1998). Projections Of Alzheimer’s Disease In The United States And The Public Health Impact Of Delaying Disease Onset. Am J Publ Health, 88,1337–1342.Advertising Looking for research paper on aging? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hebert, L. E., et al., (1995). Age-Specific Incidence Of Alzheimer’s Disease In A Community Population. Jama 273:1354-59. Hebert, L.E, et al, (2003). Alzheimer Disease In The US Population: Prevalence Estimates Using The 2000 Census. Arch Neurol; 60:1119–1122. Meagher, B., Penfield, S., Lee, R. (2009). Commentary On â€Å"A Roadmap For The Prevention Of Dementia II: Leon Thal Symposium 2008. The Megacommunity Approach To Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Dement. 5 (2), 85-92 Sloane P. D., et al. (2002). The Public Health Impact Of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2000–2050: Potential Implication Of Treatment Advances. Annu Rev Publ Health, 23, 213–231 This research paper on Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease among Older Population was written and submitted by user Beatrice Lawrence to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.